Metabolic

5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule compound studied for its ability to inhibit nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme linked to fat storage and metabolic regulation. By targeting NNMT, it may help reduce adipose tissue, improve energy metabolism, and support weight management in research contexts.

AOD-9604 is a modified peptide fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) designed to enhance fat metabolism, support weight management, and aid tissue repair without the growth-promoting effects of full-length hGH.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog that stimulates the release of growth hormone, leading to increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the body.

CJC-1295 DAC is a modified version of CJC-1295, incorporating a drug affinity complex to further extend its half-life. It aims to provide prolonged stimulation of growth hormone release.

Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring peptide isolated from Gila monster saliva and functions as a potent GLP-1 receptor agonist. It enhances insulin secretion, regulates blood glucose, and supports weight control and appetite management. Exendin-4 is widely studied for type 2 diabetes and obesity management.

GLP-1 (7–36) amide is the endogenous incretin peptide released from intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient intake. It enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite, actions that make it central to glycemic control and body-weight regulation.

Glucagon is a naturally occurring peptide hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells and essential for maintaining stable blood glucose levels. It promotes the release of stored glucose during fasting or hypoglycaemic events and plays a beneficial role in metabolism, lipid mobilization, and cardiovascular function. Due to its critical role in glucose balance, glucagon is widely used in clinical emergency settings and researched as a target for metabolic disease therapies.

IGF-1 DES is a shortened, more biologically active variant of insulin-like growth factor-1 designed to enhance muscle cell growth, tissue repair, and metabolic function. It binds with higher affinity to IGF-1 receptors and shows greater potency at the site of tissue damage, where it can accelerate regeneration and improve performance outcomes. IGF-1 DES is widely studied in musculoskeletal research, particularly for athletic recovery and age-related functional decline.

IGF-1 LR3 is a long-acting synthetic analog of insulin-like growth factor-1 engineered for extended stability and biological activity in circulation. By promoting muscle cell growth, tissue repair, and metabolic health, it has become a major focus in regenerative medicine and performance-related research. Its enhanced resistance to IGF-binding proteins allows for stronger and longer anabolic signaling compared to native IGF-1.

Insulin is a natural peptide hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells and is essential for regulating blood glucose levels and enabling nutrient uptake into cells. Its actions support energy metabolism, muscle growth, and lipid balance, making it one of the most crucial regulators of human physiological stability. Insulin remains a cornerstone in diabetes management and continues to be an important focus of metabolic research and endocrine health.

Leptin is an adipose-derived peptide hormone that regulates appetite, energy expenditure, and body-weight homeostasis by signaling satiety to the brain. It functions as a key metabolic regulator with additional roles in immune function, neuroendocrine activity, and metabolic inflammation.

Liraglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 analog designed to improve blood glucose control, support weight loss, and enhance metabolic and cardiovascular health. Its modified structure allows prolonged circulation through albumin binding, enabling convenient once-daily dosing and stable therapeutic effects.

Lixisenatide is a short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist developed to improve postprandial glucose control through incretin-based metabolic regulation. It enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner while slowing gastric emptying, making it particularly effective in controlling meal-related blood glucose excursions.

Mechano Growth Factor is a locally acting isoform of insulin-like growth factor-1 that is rapidly expressed in response to mechanical stress and muscle injury. It plays a key role in initiating muscle repair, satellite cell activation, and localized tissue regeneration following physical load or trauma.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide involved in regulating metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and cellular energy balance. It acts as a signaling molecule linking mitochondrial function with systemic metabolism and has gained attention for its role in exercise adaptation and healthy aging.

Nesfatin-1 is an endogenous neuropeptide that suppresses appetite and regulates energy balance. It acts centrally in the brain to influence feeding behavior and metabolic activity, while also modulating stress-related neuroendocrine signals.

Oxyntomodulin is a gut-derived peptide that regulates appetite, glucose metabolism, and energy balance. It reduces food intake, improves glycemic control, and supports weight management.

Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide that activates GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors to regulate metabolism, improve glycaemic control, and support weight loss.

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist used to regulate blood glucose levels and support weight management. It enhances insulin secretion, suppresses appetite, and improves metabolic control.

SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting peptide that supports cellular energy production and protects against oxidative stress. It is studied for its role in preserving tissue function in high-energy-demand organs.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone that stimulates endogenous growth hormone secretion. It supports fat metabolism and metabolic health through physiological GH pulsatility.

Tirzepatide is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist that regulates blood glucose and appetite. It supports weight management and metabolic health.